Articles

This is the collection of all articles currently written for the Young Minds Big Maths site. Open the filter menu below to filter to articles matching (all of) the selected topics.

An image of different toys on the floor groupped into three categories and then enclosed by two circles to make a venn diagram. The categories are the ones described in the paragraph above.

Collecting Data using Toys

Children might enjoy gathering data when playing with different toys around the classroom. Click on the sections below to see some examples and ideas of how ...

data
experimenting
toys
ramps
A photo of leaves on a table, sorted into groups by their colours.

Collecting Data from Nature

A great way for children to learn about statistics is for them to collect data from the world around them. Click on the sections below to see some examples a...

data
experimenting
nature
A child having their height measured by lying on a sheet of paper with a number scale.

Children Collecting Data about Themselves

Children can find statistics particularly engaging when they use graphs to learn about themselves. Click on the sections below to see some examples and ideas...

data
experimenting
An Apollonian gasket, which is a fractal made of circles of various sizes filling the space within one large circle.

Shapes in Shapes

Many children like drawing different shapes, and there can be some entertaining drawing tasks that they can do by drawing shapes in shapes.

geometry
shape
fractals
A child using one circle to get three reflections of the circle, using two mirrors placed at 90 degrees from each other.

Mirrors

Many children enjoy experimenting with mirrors in the nursery, and these children were experimenting with two mirrors placed at 90 degrees from each other. I...

symmetry
geometry
A child using old-fashioned scales with a basket on either side. On one side, they have put a melon and on the other, they have put 12 potatoes.

Maths in Vegetables

Some children at nursery study vegetables and fruit as a topic. Here are some ways that this topic could link to mathematical concepts.

geometry
shape
The triangular numbers represented with cubes. Each number is a cube and these cubes are stacked so that there is 1 in the first row 2 in the second row 3 in the third row and so on.

Triangular Numbers

Children who are interested in learning about number sequences may enjoy working with triangular numbers. These are a sequence of numbers that increase by a ...

addition
numbers
sequences
Six images of a hexagon like shape, there are two images where the patten on the surface is green and also two where it is purple and two where it is blue. For each colour there is one image of the pattern being a circle and one image of the pattern being a split circle.

Flexagons

If children are interested in creating different shapes, they may find flexagons particularly interesting. Flexagons are a type of model that has hidden surf...

shape
topology
Two dice showing a 6 and a 3 on a pale green background.

Dice

Dice are a great tool for learning about probability and distributions. Here are a few ideas of activities children could try.

probability
statistics
data
Children playing with some wooden cogs.

Cogs

After learning about moving bridges, the children at a nursery became interested in learning about cogs. They spent some time playing with a set of cogs in t...

multiplication
numbers
ratio
A photo of children measuring the diameter of the concentric circles they have made.

What Makes Concentric Circles?

Inspired by a discussion about concentric circles, some nursery practitioners encouraged the children at a nursery to create some concentric circles. Through...

concentric circles
circles
patterns in nature
nature
A photo of a child pointing at ripples in a photo of a rock splash.

Ripples

Some children were interested in finding concentric circles in nature and started experimenting with dropping rocks into a puddle to watch the ripples they c...

concentric circles
circles
waves
patterns in nature
nature
water
Five photos showing children making bridges in some of the photos, the children walk across bridges they have made out of crates and planks of wood.

Building Bridges

Many children enjoy experimenting with bridges. In one nursery, the children experimented with building bridges. They started by using some blocks in the cla...

building
bridges
A child ordering sections of tree slices.

Concentric Circles in Nature

Some of the nursery children had been looking at finding concentric circles in nature. Some examples of this include looking at ripples in ponds and the ring...

concentric circles
circles
patterns in nature
nature
A child putting two triangles together to get a square

Triangles

Triangles are one of the most useful shapes, occurring throughout maths. There are several different types of triangles, each having its own unique propertie...

triangles
shape
A large triangle with two slim rectangles inside such that they extend up from the base of the triangle until they reach the top edge of the triangle. The oblongs are placed so that one (red) is 2 meters away from the corner of the triangle and one (blue) is 10 meters away. The height of the shorter red oblong (which is closer to the corner) is 1 meter. There is a red circle placed at the corner of the triangle.

Perspective

Children can experiment with using perspective to help them learn about the world around them. In one nursery, the children were particularly interested in t...

perspective
triangles
Square tiles inside a circular frame with small gaps between them.

Tessellation

In the image below, we can see a child’s attempt to fill a circle with square tiles. This is an avenue into exploring tessellation. Is there a way that the t...

drawing
tessellation
shape
Two images of two ramps made from drainpipe. One is lined with sandpaper. In the first image, a shell is travelling down the smooth drainpipe. In the other, the same shell is travelling down the pipe lined with sandpaper.

Ramps and Their Surfaces

Some children wanted to investigate what happened to objects travelling down a ramp when they changed the ramp surface. They began by fixing sandpaper to one...

ramps
surface
friction
A rock falling into water, creating a splash

Rocks in Water

Many children enjoy dropping rocks into water and watching the splashes. After a few attempts at dropping rocks, they may notice that a few factors have a la...

water
experimenting
A cube with a side length of 4 and two rectangular prisms with side lengths of 4,4,2 on a grid.

Melting Ice

Some children were experimenting with warm water and ice cubes. The time it took for the ice to melt depended on the ways they tried to melt the ice with the...

surface area
experimenting
water
Two egg boxes, each with some plastic egg shells sitting in the holes

Eggs and Spaces

One child was interested in plastic egg shells and placing each half in a spot in an egg carton. They grouped the egg shells by size, letting the larger ones...

ordering
numbers
A ruler made by a child being used to measure a hand.

Rulers

When we want to know how tall something is or how far something has travelled, we normally use standard units of measurement such as centimetres. To compare ...

rulers
numbers
A child making mudcakes

Ratios in Cake Making

Some of the children enjoy making mudcakes following a recipe. They discovered that the consistency of these cakes can be changed by adding more of one type ...

ratio
numbers
food
A child making representations of houses with 2D shaped tiles

Shapes in 2D

Tiles in the nursery are a great tool for allowing children to explore 2D shapes. Often, 2D shapes can be used to represent 3D concepts. In the images below,...

shape
circles
2D
A child painting a repeating pattern on a wiggly worm picture

Finger Painting Patterns

One child enjoyed finger painting a repeating pattern on a template of a worm. This allowed her to develop her own strategy for repeating a sequence. This ch...

patterns
sequences
colouring
A child showing a pattern they had made from Numicon pieces

Numicon

Numicon is a great resource, allowing children to learn about the partitions of different numbers. Numicon are tiles representing the numbers \(1\) to \(10\)...

numbers
shape
patterns
numicon
Two children filling a water bottle through a funnel at an outdoor tap

Water and Funnels

When playing with water, children can make use of funnels to fill containers more easily. Using the wide mouth of the funnel, some children were able to fill...

water
A child lining up cartons of milk

Counting Milk

We use addition throughout our daily lives, so it can be a great idea to start a conversation about addition when carrying out an everyday activity. In this ...

numbers
addition
subtraction
A child stacking differently sized cogs onto a threaded pole, almost in size order.

Stacking Cogs

In one nursery, a game that the children can play is stacking a set of cogs on top of one another. These cogs are different shapes, colours and sizes, which ...

ordering
sequences
A glass with a popped piece of popcorn floating on the surface and a popcorn kernel at the bottom.

Buoyancy

A fun experiment with water is to see which objects float. Children could have many theories for why different objects float. It can be interesting for them ...

water
volume
density
Three images of a child placing conkers and water in a measuring cylinder and then tipping the contents into another container.

Experiments with Water

Rainy days can be the perfect opportunity for children to experiment with water. One example of this was a child playing with conkers in some different measu...

water
volume
Four angles forming a circle on a grid. The angles are of sizes 45, 180, 45 and 90 degrees (read anticlockwise).

Types of Angles

An angle is a measure of the difference in the direction of two lines. They can be seen all around us, and understanding them can help us do many different t...

angles
Two images showing a roll of sellotape. In the first image, three pieces of string lie on top of the roll, showing that they are the same length as the diameter. In the second image, the pieces of string are placed around the roll, showing that they nearly equal the length of the circumference.

Pi

Pi (\(\pi\)) is an irrational number that is very important in maths, especially in the maths of circles.

circles
angles
A child breaking a cauliflower into smaller pieces

Fractals

A group of the children were analysing cauliflower and noticed that the smaller parts of the cauliflower that we are able to remove from it, are much like th...

fractals
patterns in nature
patterns
nature
food
Children drawing spirals together on a large sheet of paper

Concentric Circles and Spirals

Following lots of interest in concentric circles in this setting, a girl brought in something that was a bit similar, but not quite the same

concentric circles
spirals
patterns in nature
equivalence
topology
Six polygons with an increasing number of sides arranged in two rows. The top left polygon is a triangle and the bottom right polygon is an octagon.

Angles in Shapes

In shapes, we can see lots of different angles. How can we compare these angles? Here we will think about interior angles in polygons. Polygons are 2D shapes...

angles
A collection of items showing concentric circles. On the paper next to the objects, children have drawn concentric circles.

Concentric Circles

Concentric circles are all around us, in things we make, like tin cans and in nature, inside trees. They are a type of parallel curve, you can learn more abo...

circles
concentric circles
A child finding the centre of a circle.

Circles

Circles are a shape that is of particular interest to nursery school children, recurring in many discussions. The roundness of circles makes them ideal for u...

circles
shape
An object accelerating under gravity.

Gravity

“Why do things fall?” is a common question we all have when growing up. The short answer, gravity. Gravity is the force that acts on an object, pulling it to...

gravity
experimenting
A diagram of how air interacts with a paper ball and a sheet of paper.

Experiments with Air Resistance

In our article on gravity, we discussed how all objects have the same acceleration due to gravity. Some objects fall slower than others when dropped, due to ...

air resistance
experimenting
The line $$y = -\frac{3}{5}x + 1$$.

Properties of Straight Lines

There are straight lines all around us, but how can we describe them mathematically? This is an important question if we want to compare the lines that we se...

lines
geometry
Two perpendicular lines.

Perpendicular Lines

Two lines are perpendicular to each other if they meet at a right angle (\(90\) degrees). We can see examples of perpendicular lines everywhere, where walls ...

lines
geometry
Two parallel straight lines.

Parallel Lines and Curves

We can see parallel lines all around us, on radiators, railway tracks and pieces of paper. What properties do lines need to have to be parallel?

lines
concentric circles
geometry
A diagram showing how a bouncy ball loses height on each bounce.

Conservation of Energy

Conservation of energy is a key idea in physics, and we can explore this using common items.

energy
experimenting
Three images of playdough on a set of scales. In the first image, there is a ball of playdough weighing 100g. In the second image, there are two balls of playdough, together weighing 100g. In the third image, there are four balls of playdough, together weighing 100g.

Experiments with Playdough

One common playtime toy is playdough, which allows children to experiment with many mathematical concepts.

playdough
addition
subtraction
multiplication
A line graph of the heights of a sunflower over time.

Types of Data

Collecting data in the classroom can be a great way for children to learn about the things around them and statistics at the same time. There are two main ty...

data
An image coloured with four colours.

The Four Colour Theorem

One popular classroom activity is colouring, and an interesting mathematical property is the four colour theorem. If we have at least four colours, we can fi...

colouring
Exploring the Fibonacci numbers with pompoms to show how addition of the previous two numbers is used to get the current number.

The Fibonacci Numbers

One fascinating thing about nature is the occurrence of the Fibonacci numbers. The Fibonacci numbers are a sequence of numbers starting \(0,1,1,2,3,5,8,...\).

Fibonacci
spirals
nature
A child making tally marks.

Data Collection

Classroom experiments can not only be a fun way for children to learn about the world around them, but also a great opportunity to develop data collection te...

data
experimenting
A child drawing spirals.

Spirals

An interesting shape that occurs in nature is the spiral. Children can find spirals all around them, on the shells of snails, in flowers and animal horns. Th...

spirals
nature
patterns in nature
A tower built by children.

Centre of Mass

A common playtime activity is stacking blocks. Most of the time, children want to build the tallest towers, which leads them to question how to make their to...

building
ramps
A histogram for the heights of the children in the data.

Types of Graphs

Once children become excited by an idea, they often want to test and compare it, which can involve collecting some data. An example is measuring the distance...

graphs
data
experimenting
The Tyne Bridge.

Triangles in Construction

A popular activity in nurseries is building structures. Many interesting questions can arise when children experiment with building specifically, why are tri...

triangles
A paper model of corrugated cardboard.

Corrugated Cardboard

Corrugated cardboard is often accessible to many children, and one common question is, Why is it so strong? This can spark an interesting conversation about ...

triangles
All six possible permutations of three objects.

Permutations

Many children are interested in ordering objects by size or some other property; this can lead to a discussion about permutations. A permutation is a reorder...

ordering
sequences
A peacock butterfly, with the line of symmetry shown

Symmetry

The word symmetry stems from Greek, meaning (very roughly) ‘having the same measure’ or ‘being in agreement’. Put simply, symmetry is concerned with whether ...

symmetry
Several children building a ramp from wooden blocks and planks. Again, the angles are marked.

Angles in Ramps

Many of the children built ramps with objects like planks of wood or sheets of carboard. The angle between the ramp/board/plank and the floor changes as the ...

ramps
angles
triangles
A selection of blocks used for printing repeating patterns on fabric

Patterns in 2 Dimensions

Patterns which are made up and used as fabric or wallpaper are also made up of repeating “chunks”. As with our 1D patterns, we could recreate them using a si...

patterns
sequences
wallpaper
2D
symmetry
Children using various objects (sticks, their bodies, their fingers and rulers) to form angles

Angles

When two lines meet each other, they form an angle.

angles